Most gifts are not subject to federal income tax and do not need to be reported to the Internal Revenue Service as income. For instance, you can give a gift to your wife or make a philanthropic donation to a charity without their being subject to the gift tax. (In fact, charitable donations are often tax-deductible.) Even if you make gifts to another family member who is not your spouse, a friend, or a business associate, they are not taxable under federal guidelines, until their cumulative value exceeds $16,000 (for 2022) in a given year. This amount is referred to as the annual gift tax exclusion amount.

• Reporting of Gifts — Gift taxes do not need to be filed unless you give someone, other than your spouse, money or property worth more than the annual exclusion for that year.
• The Recipient Doesn’t Have to Pay — Generally, the person who receives your gift will not have to pay any federal gift tax because of it. Also, that person will not have to pay income tax on the value of the gift received.
• Gift-Giving is Not a Deduction — Making a gift does not ordinarily affect your * federal income tax. You cannot deduct the value of the gifts you make (other than deductible charitable contributions).
• Political Contributions, Tuition, and Medical Expenses — You do not have to file a gift tax return to report gifts to political organizations and gifts made by paying someone’s tuition or medical expenses.
• Non-Taxable Gifts — The general rule is that any gift is a taxable gift. However, there are many exceptions.
  The following gifts are not taxable by the IRS:
  • Gifts that do not exceed the annual exclusion for the calendar year (currently $15,000),
  • Tuition or medical expenses you pay directly to a medical or educational institution for someone,Gifts to your spouse,
  • Gifts to a political organization for its use, and
  • Gifts to charities.
• Joint Spousal Gift — You and your spouse can make a combined gift up to $32,000 to a third party without making it a taxable gift. The gift will be considered as made one-half by you and one-half by your spouse. If you split a gift you made, you must file a gift tax return to show that you and your spouse agree to use gift splitting. You must file a Form 709, United States Gift (and Generation-Skipping Transfer) Tax Return, even if half of the split gift is less than the annual exclusion.

Filing IRS Form 709

If any of the following apply, you must file a gift tax return on Form 709:

• You gave gifts to at least one person (other than your spouse) that are more than the annual exclusion amount for the year.
• You and your spouse are splitting a gift. You gave someone (other than your spouse) a gift of a future interest that he or she cannot actually possess, enjoy, or receive income from until some time in the future.
• You gave your spouse an interest in property that will terminate due to a future event.

For more information see Internal Revenue Service Publication 950, Introduction to Estate and Gift Taxes. Individual and joint income tax returns can be complicated and involve dozens of IRS forms. In most cases, it’s recommended that you seek the advice of a lawyer.

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